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Created an article on the 1993 ZAP International Amateur Open, documenting its organisers, sponsorship, competition structure, complete five-player and ten-player standings, awards, trade show and contemporary media coverage. Recorded Outta Control as the five-player champion and Nemesis as the ten-player champion. Clarified that ZAP Paintballs was the primary tournament sponsor, while Brass Eagle sponsored the player party.
 
Update United States tournament categorisation; add decade and results categories, retain year-first title, and revise coverage and results against contemporary APG reporting.
 
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The '''1993 ZAP International Amateur Open''' was an amateur paintball tournament and industry event held in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area. It was produced by Debra Dion Krischke and Ryan Krischke of Team Effort Events and [[Three Rivers Paintball]], with [[ZAP Paintballs]] serving as the primary tournament sponsor.[1][3]
The '''1993 ZAP International Amateur Open''' was an amateur [[paintball]] tournament held at [[Three Rivers Paintball]] in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area. Organised by Debra Dion Krischke and Ryan Krischke of Team Effort Events, the four-day event attracted 80 five-player teams and 40 ten-player teams from the United States and Canada. Outta Control won the five-player competition, while Nemesis won the ten-player competition.[1][3]
 
The four-day event attracted 80 five-player teams and 40 ten-player teams from the United States and Canada. Outta Control won the five-player competition, while Nemesis won the ten-player competition.[1]


== Organisation ==
== Organisation ==
The tournament was an edition of the annual [[International Amateur Open]]. [[ZAP Paintballs]] served as its principal sponsor and supplied the tournament paint, marking the company's second consecutive year of sponsorship.[1][3]


The tournament formed part of the annual [[International Amateur Open]], which was established to provide competition for amateur paintball teams. The 1993 event was the second consecutive edition sponsored by ZAP Paintballs, which supplied the tournament paint.[1][3]
Competition followed standard International Paintball Players Association and Lively Productions rules. The judging staff included Dennis Day, Mark Stiffler, Reggie Denner, T. W. Squires and Lee Draper, supported by amateur and professional players recruited from across the United States.[1][3]
 
Competition used standard [[International Paintball Players Association|IPPA]] and Lively Productions rules. A trade show, target-shooting competition, speedball arena, referee training, manufacturers' reception, player party and awards ceremonies accompanied the main tournament.[1]
 
NAPRA representatives Reggie Denner and Mark Stiffler conducted a referee-training class. The principal judging group included Dennis Day, Mark Stiffler, Reggie Denner, T. W. Squires and Lee Draper, supported by amateur and professional players recruited from across the United States.[1][3]


Contemporary reporting estimated that the tournament, trade show and associated activities attracted more than 1,000 players, vendors, spectators, visitors and staff.[3]
Reggie Denner and Mark Stiffler of the North American Paintball Referees Association conducted a referee-training class at the Pittsburgh Sheraton North, the tournament's headquarters hotel.[1]


== Five-player competition ==
== Five-player competition ==
The 80 entrants were divided into 20 groups of four teams. Four preliminary rounds reduced the field to 16 semi-finalists, from which four teams advanced to a three-game final round.[1]


Eighty teams were divided into 20 groups of four. Teams played four preliminary rounds, after which the 16 highest-ranked teams advanced to the semi-finals. Four teams then qualified for a three-game final round.[1]
The finalists were Outta Control of California, the Maniacs of West Palm Beach, Florida, the Rad Busters of Virginia and the Arch Angels of St Louis.[1]


The finalists were:
Outta Control recovered from a scoreless opening finals game against the Arch Angels by defeating the Rad Busters 100–0. An 80–36 result against the Maniacs in their last game secured the championship with 180 points.[1]


* Outta Control of California
=== Finalists' results ===
* Maniacs of West Palm Beach, Florida
{| class="wikitable"
* Rad Busters of Virginia
! Place !! Team !! Final-round points
* Arch Angels of St Louis
 
Outta Control completed the finals with 180 points. The Maniacs finished second with 158 points, followed by the Rad Busters with 124 and the Arch Angels with 48.[1]
 
=== Final standings ===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! Place
! Team
! Place
! Team
|-
| 1 || '''Outta Control''' || 41 || Thunderstruck (Hurricane)
|-
| 2 || Maniacs || 42 || Venom (Maryland)
|-
| 3 || Rad Busters || 43 || New Jersey Overkill
|-
| 4 || Arch Angels || 44 || Bad Boys (Maryland) (Lightning)
|-
| 5 || Phantom Force || 45 || Hurricane
|-
| 6 || Avant Garde (Black) || 46 || Silent Knights
|-
| 7 || Minnesota Terminators || 47 || Gary's Guerrillas
|-
| 8 || Team Sadisfaction || 48 || Indianapolis Sewer Rats
|-
| 9 || Runnin' Rebels || 49 || Splat City Underdogs
|-
| 10 || Wildside || 50 || Child's Play
|-
| 11 || Shadow Company (B) || 51 || Capital Punishment II
|-
| 12 || Alliance || 52 || Hazardous Waste
|-
| 13 || Thunderstruck (Typhoon) || 53 || Mega Power (Black)
|-
| 14 || Dragons || 54 || Ruby Shooters
|-
| 15 || Avant Garde (Gold) || 55 || Skippy Posse
|-
| 16 || Apple Dumpling Gang || 56 || Reservoir Dawgs
|-
| 17 || Global Warriors || 57 || Team Amazing
|-
| 18 || Capital Punishment I || 58 || Tagg Team
|-
| 19 || Blackhawk || 59 || Shadow Company (A)
|-
| 20 || Body Count || 60 || Silent Stalkers
|-
| 21 || Pack Rats I || 61 || Black Watch
|-
| 22 || Green Dragons || 62 || Pack Rats II
|-
| 23 || Gurkhas || 63 || Lethal Attitudes
|-
| 24 || Full Tilt || 64 || Juggernaut
|-
| 25 || Kalamazoo Colonial Marines || 65 || Ballbusters
|-
| 26 || Darksiders || 66 || Barnyard Beasts
|-
| 27 || Personal Vendetta || 67 || Stealth
|-
| 28 || Deadly Assault Force || 68 || Maryland Minutemen
|-
| 29 || Guns of Paradise || 69 || Marlboro Men
|-
| 30 || Mega Power (Gold) || 70 || Deathaholics
|-
|-
| 31 || Bad Boys (Maryland) (Thunder) || 71 || NBC Destroyers
| 1 || Outta Control || 180
|-
|-
| 32 || Michigan Highlanders || 72 || Beach Boys
| 2 || Maniacs || 158
|-
|-
| 33 || Boys in the Woods || 73 || High Intensity
| 3 || Rad Busters || 124
|-
|-
| 34 || Battle Dragons || 74 || Team Havoc
| 4 || Arch Angels || 48
|-
| 35 || Black Reign (Ohio) || 75 || Imminent Thunder
|-
| 36 || No Quarter || 76 || Boys in the Woods (Gold)
|-
| 37 || Thor Omega || 77 || New York Firestorm
|-
| 38 || Psycho || 78 || Timber Wolves
|-
| 39 || Penetration || 79 || Warlords
|-
| 40 || Kwik Maxx || 80 || Wild Bunch
|}
|}
Source: ''Action Pursuit Games''.[1]


== Ten-player competition ==
== Ten-player competition ==
The 40 teams were divided into ten groups of four. Teams were reranked after the opening preliminary round and played a second preliminary round. The top eight then contested a single-game semi-final. The four winners advanced to the championship bracket, while the other four played for fifth to eighth place.[1]


Forty teams were divided into ten groups of four. Following the opening round, the teams were reranked for a second preliminary round.[1]
Nemesis of Florida, Avant Garde of Virginia, Personal Vendetta of Alberta, Canada, and Black Reign of Indianapolis reached the championship bracket. Nemesis and Avant Garde entered the last game level on 124 points. Both won their final matches, but a penalty for an over-velocity marker reduced Avant Garde's score and gave Nemesis the title.[1]


The eight highest-ranked teams then contested a single-game semi-final. The four winners advanced to the championship bracket, while the remaining teams played for fifth through eighth place.[1]
=== Leading final standings ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
The championship finalists were:
! Place !! Team
 
* Nemesis of Florida
* Avant Garde of Virginia
* Personal Vendetta of Alberta, Canada
* Black Reign of Indianapolis
 
Nemesis won the competition, ahead of Avant Garde, Personal Vendetta and Black Reign.[1]
 
=== Final standings ===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! Place
! Team
! Place
! Team
|-
| 1 || '''Nemesis''' || 21 || Rad Busters
|-
| 2 || Avant Garde || 22 || Kalamazoo Colonial Marines
|-
| 3 || Personal Vendetta || 23 || I.C.E.
|-
| 4 || Black Reign (Indianapolis) || 24 || Guns of Paradise
|-
| 5 || Thunderstorm || 25 || Clear & Present Danger
|-
| 6 || Storm || 26 || Diamondbacks
|-
| 7 || Indianapolis Sewer Rats || 27 || Apple Dumpling Gang
|-
| 8 || Lightning Force || 28 || Mega Power
|-
| 9 || SOB's || 29 || Full Tilt
|-
| 10 || Black Hats || 30 || PB Tazmaniacs
|-
|-
| 11 || Black Reign (Ohio) || 31 || Landsharks of Erie
| 1 || Nemesis
|-
|-
| 12 || Recon South || 32 || Gunslingers
| 2 || Avant Garde
|-
|-
| 13 || Phantom Force || 33 || The Plague
| 3 || Personal Vendetta
|-
|-
| 14 || Tazmanian Devils || 34 || Body Count
| 4 || Black Reign (Indianapolis)
|-
|-
| 15 || Gary's Guerrillas || 35 || Team Genocide
| 5 || Thunderstorm
|-
|-
| 16 || Zone Troopers || 36 || Team RealTree
| 6 || Storm
|-
|-
| 17 || Section 8 || 37 || Sudden Impact
| 7 || Indianapolis Sewer Rats
|-
|-
| 18 || War Party || 38 || Bad Image
| 8 || Lightning Force
|-
| 19 || Michigan Young Guns || 39 || Jacksonville Warriors Blue
|-
| 20 || Thrill || 40 || Fatal Company
|}
|}
Source: ''Action Pursuit Games''.[1]


== Additional competitions and awards ==
== Additional competitions and awards ==
Gary's Guerrillas received the five-player Tippmann Sportsmanship Award, while Team I.C.E. received the ten-player award.[1]


=== Tippmann Sportsmanship Awards ===
Pro Team Products sponsored a target-shooting competition. Team Venom of Maryland won the five-player team competition, with its player Rich Mann taking the individual award. Gary's Guerrillas won the ten-player team competition, and Chris McKee of Gary's Guerrillas won the individual award.[1]
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Division
! Recipient
|-
| Five-player
| Gary's Guerrillas
|-
| Ten-player
| Team I.C.E.
|}
 
=== Pro Team Products target-shooting competition ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Division
! Team winner
! Individual winner
|-
| Five-player
| Team Venom, Maryland
| Rich Mann, Team Venom
|-
| Ten-player
| Gary's Guerrillas
| Chris McKee, Gary's Guerrillas
|}


=== Zany ZAP Awards ===
=== Zany ZAP Awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Award
! Award !! Five-player recipient !! Ten-player recipient
! Five-player recipient
! Ten-player recipient
|-
|-
| New Kids on the Block
| New Kids on the Block || Team Sadisfaction || Black Hats
| Team Sadisfaction
| Black Hats
|-
|-
| Cool Team
| Cool Team || Personal Vendetta || Body Count
| Personal Vendetta
| Body Count
|-
|-
| Dapper Dan
| Dapper Dan || Shadow Company A and B || Black Watch
| Shadow Company A and B
| Black Watch
|-
|-
| Long Distance Runners
| Long Distance Runners || Apple Dumpling Gang || Apple Dumpling Gang
| Apple Dumpling Gang, Santa Rosa, California
| Apple Dumpling Gang, Santa Rosa, California
|-
|-
| Best Referee
| Best Referee || Brian Stowers || Tom Cole
| Brian Stowers
| Tom Cole
|}
|}
Source: ''Action Pursuit Games''.[1]


== Trade show and social events ==
== Trade show and social events ==
The event included a paintball trade show, speedball arena, manufacturers' reception and player party. Trade-show participation required a second vendors' tent to accommodate the exhibitors.[1]


The tournament incorporated a substantial paintball industry trade show. National Paintball Supply representatives Rick Fairbanks and Doug Brown sponsored the trade show, while National Paintball Supply East and Indian Springs Paintball contributed to the industry dinner and manufacturers' reception.[3]
National Paintball Supply sponsored the trade show. National Paintball Supply East and Indian Springs Paintball helped sponsor the industry dinner and reception. Brass Eagle hosted the player party, with refreshments also supplied by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company.[3]
 
Brass Eagle, represented by Aldo Perrone, hosted the player party. The event offered food from several regions and refreshments supplied in association with Frank Colucci and the Pittsburgh Brewing Company.[1][3]
 
Additional activities included a constructed speedball arena, a manufacturers' cocktail party, equipment demonstrations and prize raffles.[1]


== Media coverage ==
== Media coverage ==
 
Contemporary reporting recorded coverage by two local network television affiliates, national distribution of an Associated Press photograph and tournament feature, and a Boston radio interview with Debra Dion Krischke.[2]
The 1993 tournament received coverage from two local network television affiliates. An Associated Press photograph and accompanying feature were distributed nationally, while a Boston radio station interviewed tournament producer Debra Dion Krischke.[2]
 
The contemporary account presented this coverage as an important opportunity to portray paintball as an organised recreational and competitive activity to audiences outside the existing paintball community.[2]
 
== Sponsorship ==
 
ZAP Paintballs was the principal tournament sponsor and supplied the event paint.[3]
 
Other documented sponsors and prize contributors included:
 
* [[Action Pursuit Games]]
* [[Airgun Designs]]
* Brass Eagle
* [[Carter Machine]]
* [[Crosman]]
* Indian Springs Paintball
* [[JT USA]]
* Lively Productions
* [[National Paintball Supply]]
* [[Pursuit Marketing Inc.]]
* Pro Team Products
* RealTree Pursuit Garments
* [[Sheridan]]
* [[Smart Parts]]
* [[Tippmann Sports|Tippmann Pneumatics]]
* Vents Goggles
* [[Worr Game Products]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[International Amateur Open]]
* [[International Amateur Open]]
* [[Three Rivers Paintball]]
* [[Three Rivers Paintball]]
* [[ZAP Paintballs]]
* [[ZAP Paintballs]]
* [[Debra Dion Krischke]]
* [[Brass Eagle]]


== References ==
== References ==
 
# Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, “Party Time in Pittsburgh: The 1993 Zap International Amateur Open”, ''[[Action Pursuit Games]]'', January 1994, pp. 62–70 and 72.
# Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, "Party Time in Pittsburgh: The 1993 Zap International Amateur Open", ''Action Pursuit Games'', January 1994, pp. 62–70 and 72.
# Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, “Paintball Gets National Media Attention”, ''[[Action Pursuit Games]]'', January 1994, p. 70.
# Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, "Paintball Gets National Media Attention", ''Action Pursuit Games'', January 1994, p. 70.
# Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, “To Those Who Made It All Possible”, ''[[Action Pursuit Games]]'', January 1994, p. 71.
# Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, "To Those Who Made It All Possible", ''Action Pursuit Games'', January 1994, p. 71.


[[Category:International Amateur Open]]
[[Category:International Amateur Open]]
[[Category:Paintball tournaments]]
[[Category:Paintball tournaments in the United States]]
[[Category:Paintball in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1990s in American paintball]]
[[Category:1993 in paintball]]
[[Category:1993 in paintball]]
[[Category:Paintball in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Paintball tournament results]]
[[Category:Paintball tournaments in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 07:55, 31 October 2026

The 1993 ZAP International Amateur Open was an amateur paintball tournament held at Three Rivers Paintball in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area. Organised by Debra Dion Krischke and Ryan Krischke of Team Effort Events, the four-day event attracted 80 five-player teams and 40 ten-player teams from the United States and Canada. Outta Control won the five-player competition, while Nemesis won the ten-player competition.[1][3]

Organisation

[edit]

The tournament was an edition of the annual International Amateur Open. ZAP Paintballs served as its principal sponsor and supplied the tournament paint, marking the company's second consecutive year of sponsorship.[1][3]

Competition followed standard International Paintball Players Association and Lively Productions rules. The judging staff included Dennis Day, Mark Stiffler, Reggie Denner, T. W. Squires and Lee Draper, supported by amateur and professional players recruited from across the United States.[1][3]

Reggie Denner and Mark Stiffler of the North American Paintball Referees Association conducted a referee-training class at the Pittsburgh Sheraton North, the tournament's headquarters hotel.[1]

Five-player competition

[edit]

The 80 entrants were divided into 20 groups of four teams. Four preliminary rounds reduced the field to 16 semi-finalists, from which four teams advanced to a three-game final round.[1]

The finalists were Outta Control of California, the Maniacs of West Palm Beach, Florida, the Rad Busters of Virginia and the Arch Angels of St Louis.[1]

Outta Control recovered from a scoreless opening finals game against the Arch Angels by defeating the Rad Busters 100–0. An 80–36 result against the Maniacs in their last game secured the championship with 180 points.[1]

Finalists' results

[edit]
Place Team Final-round points
1 Outta Control 180
2 Maniacs 158
3 Rad Busters 124
4 Arch Angels 48

Source: Action Pursuit Games.[1]

Ten-player competition

[edit]

The 40 teams were divided into ten groups of four. Teams were reranked after the opening preliminary round and played a second preliminary round. The top eight then contested a single-game semi-final. The four winners advanced to the championship bracket, while the other four played for fifth to eighth place.[1]

Nemesis of Florida, Avant Garde of Virginia, Personal Vendetta of Alberta, Canada, and Black Reign of Indianapolis reached the championship bracket. Nemesis and Avant Garde entered the last game level on 124 points. Both won their final matches, but a penalty for an over-velocity marker reduced Avant Garde's score and gave Nemesis the title.[1]

Leading final standings

[edit]
Place Team
1 Nemesis
2 Avant Garde
3 Personal Vendetta
4 Black Reign (Indianapolis)
5 Thunderstorm
6 Storm
7 Indianapolis Sewer Rats
8 Lightning Force

Source: Action Pursuit Games.[1]

Additional competitions and awards

[edit]

Gary's Guerrillas received the five-player Tippmann Sportsmanship Award, while Team I.C.E. received the ten-player award.[1]

Pro Team Products sponsored a target-shooting competition. Team Venom of Maryland won the five-player team competition, with its player Rich Mann taking the individual award. Gary's Guerrillas won the ten-player team competition, and Chris McKee of Gary's Guerrillas won the individual award.[1]

Zany ZAP Awards

[edit]
Award Five-player recipient Ten-player recipient
New Kids on the Block Team Sadisfaction Black Hats
Cool Team Personal Vendetta Body Count
Dapper Dan Shadow Company A and B Black Watch
Long Distance Runners Apple Dumpling Gang Apple Dumpling Gang
Best Referee Brian Stowers Tom Cole

Source: Action Pursuit Games.[1]

Trade show and social events

[edit]

The event included a paintball trade show, speedball arena, manufacturers' reception and player party. Trade-show participation required a second vendors' tent to accommodate the exhibitors.[1]

National Paintball Supply sponsored the trade show. National Paintball Supply East and Indian Springs Paintball helped sponsor the industry dinner and reception. Brass Eagle hosted the player party, with refreshments also supplied by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company.[3]

Media coverage

[edit]

Contemporary reporting recorded coverage by two local network television affiliates, national distribution of an Associated Press photograph and tournament feature, and a Boston radio interview with Debra Dion Krischke.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, “Party Time in Pittsburgh: The 1993 Zap International Amateur Open”, Action Pursuit Games, January 1994, pp. 62–70 and 72.
  2. Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, “Paintball Gets National Media Attention”, Action Pursuit Games, January 1994, p. 70.
  3. Ken "Hollywood" Gilder, “To Those Who Made It All Possible”, Action Pursuit Games, January 1994, p. 71.
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